Energy plan for German (STS 488 Final Assignment)

 Energy plan for German

The following article is an energy plan proposal for German to be a more sustainable country.

Note: This is my STS 488 Final Assignment.

Contents

1. Introduction

2. Energy Demand

    2.1. Population & Housing Stock

     2.2. Energy Demand Non-Residential Buildings 

     2.3. Transport 

     2.4.  Industry 

    2.5. Agriculture 

3. Energy Supply

    3.1. Renewable Energy

    3.2. Merit Order

    3.3. District Heating 

    3.4. Hydrogen 

    3.5. Transport Fuels 

    3.6. Biomass

4. General Data Of The Plan 

5. Reflection 

6. Conclusion 

7. Bibliography  

1. Introduction

The following article is a proposal for the process and presentation of a new energy plan for Germany. This energy plan is equipped in the direction of the demand and supply concerned reducing CO2 emissions at the macro level. It is a chance to aid a world which is failed to reduce CO2 emissions. The energy plan is going to propose to reach the objective of decreasing CO2 emissions by 70% in 2040, compared to 1990.

Here are the possible CO2 emissions, and Final energy demand per sector (energetic), and 1 GT equals 1.0×1012 Kilogram (Kg);

    According to the CO2 emissions charts, there is a trend that CO2 emissions decrease over those years; however, this trend is not big or meets what it should be. In 2019, the net CO2 emissions are 0.67434 GT (approximately 6.7434×1011 Kilogram), and in 2040, it will seem to be 0.64741 GT (approximately 6.4741×1011 Kilogram) which means that Germany can reduce CO2 emissions only 0.02693 GT (approximately 2.693 ×1010 Kilogram). This is not a good reducing number in case of comparing another country like Austria which can reduce the emission in 2040 approximately 5.522 9×1014 Kilogram from 7.883 659 ×1010 Kilogram in 2019 to 8.435 949 ×1010 Kilogram in 2040.

    Moreover, according to the energy demand charts, energy demand per sector seems to increase over those years. In 2019, the total energy demand is 8.81163 EJ (approximately 8.81163x1015 Kilowatt); nevertheless, in 2040, it is 8.88131 EJ (approximately 8. 88131x1015 Kilowatt). Germany uses this energy mostly for Industry.

2. Energy Demand

    According to cleanenergywire.org website, due to the coronavirus pandemic, energy consumption in Germany in 2021 increased; therefore, Germany has used to coal power more. Actually, government of Germany has planned to reduce to use coal power and morely used renewables powers. And according to cleanenergywire.org website, the coalition of SPD and FDP parties wants to reduce emission by 65 percent by 2030 and use 80 percent renewables sources.

2.1. Population & Housing Stock

    According to the macrotrends.net website, currently, Germany has a growth rate of 0.47% with a population of approximately 83 million people from 2019 to 2020; nonetheless, the country has a decline rate of 0.18% with a population of approximately 82 million people in 2040.

 The more and more people means the more and more house. Germany has a politicians that in some part of the country constructing a new building is not allowed even if the number of residents in the area grows because the government of Germany wants people to live in rural areas; therefore, they improved these areas. As the households per applicatication chart shown above, more apartment is not a good choice to energy save. The number of terraced house and corner house should increase.

 The energy demand can be met by PV panels and in this way the emission can decrease. 

 

 The cooling demand in residences can be met by Heat pump (ground) and in this way the energy use can decrease. 

 

    The cooking can be met by Induction andBiomass, and in this way the energy use can decrease.  

    The Electricity use of household appliances should be A+++, and in this way the energy use can decrease. Also, their lifetime is more than others.

    The Lighting should be Low-energy light bulband in this way the energy use and the emission can decrease.

    As possible as suchpersonal prosperity will decrease to decrease energy use and emission, and these can not be stopped to use because they are basic needs for humans. 

    As possible as such personal prosperity will trun off to decrease energy use and emission. 

2.2. Energy Demand Non-Residential Buildings 

    By taking the opportunity to build residences and buildings to label A+++, there will be a significant save a lot of energy from heating, as households will need less energy and maintain heat for longer. 

    The cost can be high but when the most energy source which is demanded is considered and its price will increase over the years due to the limitation of reaching it, this seems to be cheaper. 

2.3.  Transport 

    In Germany, there is a good train infrastructure. People can easily go wherever they want to go. Hence, to reduce the emission, the government should encourage people to use trains or other public transport.

2.4.  Industry 

2.5. Agriculture 

3. Energy Supply

3.1. Renewable Energy

    According to dw.com website, Germany intends to reduce CO2 emissions by 65% in 2030 compared with 1990 levels and not by 55% as originally planned; therefore, it needs more electricity from renewable sources than previously planned.

    According to dw.com website, the German Economy Ministry has supposed that electricity consumption will not change importantly over the next nine years and will remain at about 580 terawatt-hours (TWh), therefore, the German government can start to use more renewable sources gradually. 

    According to climatescorecard.org website, Germany prefers to use wind as a primary renewable source, and it is responsible to produce 21.9% of electricity production and 51.9%, of renewable electricity production.

3.2. Merit Order

3.3. District Heating 

3.4. Hydrogen 

3.5. Transport Fuels 

3.6. Biomass 

4. General Data Of The Plan 

5. Reflection 

    This energy plan is equipped in the direction of the demand and supply concerned meeting the expected target of 70% with a total decrease of 97.6% of CO2 emissions by making adjustments in the ETM. The industry sector has the largest demand for energy in 2040 with 57% while the agriculture and other sector have the least, 1%.

    To reduce the CO2 emission and save energy several measurements mentioned in the article should be taken, and these can be expensive; however, when the outcome is considered, they have strong effects.

    In this scenario, most electricity is produced by Hydro-electricity (230.226 MW) just as mentioned.

    Also just as climatescorecard.org website mentioned, Germany has the potential to use wind power to produce energy; however, this process is so expensive than other choices; therefore, they should pass to use this option gradually not directly.

    Cost of the model is roughly €245.8 bln. When the energy plan in 2019 which costs €158.64 bln and only its total CO2 emissions is 0.67434 GT taken into consideration, this new energy plan's cost is the better choice for them due to the fact that the total emission is 0.02313 GT even though its cost. As a result, this plan can achieve to reduce CO2 emissions by 97.7%.       

6. Conclusion 

    This energy plan is a chance to aid a world which is failed to reduce CO2 emissions. When the proportion of reducing CO2 emissions in Germany is taken into consideration, the proportion is not a good reducing number in case of comparing another country like Austria; therefore, Germany needs a better energy policy. This energy plan mentioned above can reduce the emission and prevents more losing energy even though its costs. You can reach my scenario from here; https://pro.energytransitionmodel.com/saved_scenarios/11772  

7. Bibliography 

United Nations. (n.d.). Growing at a slower pace, world population is expected to reach 9.7 billion in 2050 and could peak at nearly 11 billion around

2100 | UN Desa Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/worldpopulation-prospects-2019.html 

Energy transition model. (n.d.). Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://pro.energytransitionmodel.com/scenario/overview/introduction/how

-does-the-energy-transition-model-work 

2021, 21 D., Wehrmann, B., Wettengel, K. A. Y. H. J., Appunn, K., Haas, Y., Wettengel, J., 2021, 03 N., 2021, 20 D., Sören AmelangKerstine

AppunnCharlotte NijhuisBenjamin WehrmannJulian Wettengel, Amelang, S., & Nijhuis, C. (2021, December 21). Germany's energy consumption rising, renewables share falling in 2021. Clean Energy Wire. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.cleanenergywire.org/news/germanysenergy-consumption-rising-renewables-share-falling-2021 

(www.dw.com), D. W. (n.d.). How much power will Germany need for its energy revolution?: DW: 01.07.2021. DW.COM. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.dw.com/en/how-much-power-will-germany-needfor-its-energy-revolution/a-58116209  

Badra, Z. (2021, January 27). In 2020, Germany produced more than half of its electricity from renewable resources for the first time. Climate Scorecard. Retrieved January 17, 2022, from https://www.climatescorecard.org/2021/01/in-2020-germany-produced-more-than-half-of-its-electricity-from-renewable-resources-for-the-firsttime/